GCH 2016 - Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage

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https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/2630933

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c-Space: Time-evolving 3D Models (4D) from Heterogeneous Distributed Video Sources
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Ritz, Martin; Knuth, Martin; Domajnko, Matevz; Posniak, Oliver; Santos, Pedro; Fellner, Dieter W.; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
We introduce c-Space, an approach to automated 4D reconstruction of dynamic real world scenes, represented as time-evolving 3D geometry streams, available to everyone. Our novel technique solves the problem of fusing all sources, asynchronously captured from multiple heterogeneous mobile devices around a dynamic scene at a real word location. To this end all captured input is broken down into a massive unordered frame set, sorting the frames along a common time axis, and finally discretizing the ordered frame set into a time-sequence of frame subsets, each subject to photogrammetric 3D reconstruction. The result is a time line of 3D models, each representing a snapshot of the scene evolution in 3D at a specific point in time. Just like a movie is a concatenation of time-discrete frames, representing the evolution of a scene in 2D, the 4D frames reconstructed by c-Space line up to form the captured and dynamically changing 3D geometry of an event over time, thus enabling the user to interact with it in the very same way as with a static 3D model. We do image analysis to automatically maximize the quality of results in the presence of challenging, heterogeneous and asynchronous input sources exhibiting a wide quality spectrum. In addition we show how this technique can be integrated as a 4D reconstruction web service module, available to mobile end-users.
3-D Digital Preservation of At-Risk Global Cultural Heritage
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Lercari, Nicola; Shulze, Jurgen; Wendrich, Willeke; Porter, Benjamin; Burton, Margie; Levy, Thomas E.; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Recent current events have dramatically highlighted the vulnerability of the world's material cultural heritage. The 3-D Digital Preservation of At-Risk Global Cultural Heritage project, led by Thomas Levy at UC San Diego, catalyzes a collaborative research effort by four University of California campuses (San Diego, Berkeley, Los Angeles and Merced) to use cyberarchaeology and computer graphics for cultural heritage to document and safeguard virtually some of the most at-risk heritage objects and places. Faculty and students involved in this project are conducting path-breaking archaeological research - covering more than 10,000 years of culture and architecture - in Cyprus, Greece, Egypt, Ethiopia, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Turkey, and the United States. This project uses the 3-D archaeological data collected in numerous at-risk heritage places to study, forecast, and model the effects of human conflict, climate change, natural disasters and technological and cultural changes on these sites and landscapes. The greater challenge undertaken by this project is to integrate archaeological heritage data and digital heritage data using the recently-announced Pacific Research Platform (PRP) and its 10-100Gb/s network as well as virtual reality kiosks installed in each participating UC campus. Our aim is to link UC San Diego and the San Diego Supercomputer Center to other labs, libraries and museums at the other UC campuses to form a highly-networked collaborative platform for curation, analysis, and visualization of 3D archaeological heritage data.
Conservation Digital Report: Standard Documentation in Cultural Heritage
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Baratin, Laura; Scicolone, Giovanna; Lonati, Stefano; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The 'documentation', in general terms, is the need to gather informations collected for a specific topic so they can be available now and in the future. Obtaining the information is a process that involves many steps: the study, the analysis and the elaboration of the information; all these processes expand and transform the common conception of the term, as not only a mere recording of a phenomenon. In this sense, the documentation becomes an operation 'dynamic, as the basis for further considerations on the object analysed. The documentation of an artwork before restoration can be summarized in three sequential steps: - preliminary documentation to identify the problem and guide the next steps; - systematic and comprehensive documentation, to provide both global and detail vision on the artwork; - additional documentation, with further investigation and checks to be developed over time. The documentation needs, therefore, the correct setup of a systematic structure of informations into a system of classification to store the acquired data, and this process depends on the correct understanding of the theme. In order to standardize the acquisition and disclosure of information, it is therefore necessary to standardize the process of documentation as a whole, from the earliest steps of collection to the presentation of results. 'ConditionReport.it' software system allows the drafting and completion online of an actual 'condition report' for many different kind of artworks, thanks to a flexible and interactive software that can be adjusted according to the different public or private requirements, creating personalized documents. Some examples will illustrate the potential of the system as a standardization of the documentation process for conservation and restoration of different types of cultural heritage, and also as management system for data from different sources.
3D Documentation and Semantic Aware Representation of Cultural Heritage: the INCEPTION Project
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Giulio, Roberto Di; Maietti, Federica; Piaia, Emanuele; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
As part of 3D integrated survey applied to Cultural Heritage, digital documentation is gradually emerging as effective support of many different information in addition to the shape, morphology and dimensional data. The implementation of data collection processes and the development of semantically enriched 3D models is an effective way to enhance the dialogue between ICT technologies, different Cultural Heritage experts, users and different disciplines, both social and technical. The possibility to achieve interoperable models able to enrich the interdisciplinary knowledge of European cultural identity is one of the main outcome of the European Project "INCEPTION - Inclusive Cultural Heritage in Europe through 3D semantic modelling", funded by EC within the Programme Horizon 2020. The project ranges from the documentation and diagnostic strategies for heritage protection, management and enhancement, to the 3D acquisition technologies. The development of hardware, software and digital platforms is aimed at representation and dissemination of cultural heritage through ICT processes and BIM addresses to Cultural Heritage assets, up to the implementation of semantic information to a wider and more extensive use of 3D digital models.
GRAVITATE: Geometric and Semantic Matching for Cultural Heritage Artefacts
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Phillips, Stephen C.; Walland, Paul W.; Modafferi, Stefano; Dorst, Leo; Spagnuolo, Michela; Catalano, Chiara Eva; Oldman, Dominic; Tal, Ayellet; Shimshoni, Ilan; Hermon, Sorin; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The GRAVITATE project is developing techniques that bring together geometric and semantic data analysis to provide a new and more effective method of re-associating, reassembling or reunifying cultural objects that have been broken or dispersed over time. The project is driven by the needs of archaeological institutes, and the techniques are exemplified by their application to a collection of several hundred 3D-scanned fragments of large-scale terracotta statues from Salamis, Cyprus. The integration of geometrical feature extraction and matching with semantic annotation and matching into a single decision support platform will lead to more accurate reconstructions of artefacts and greater insights into history. In this paper we describe the project and its objectives, then we describe the progress made to date towards achieving those objectives: describing the datasets, requirements and analysing the state of the art. We follow this with an overview of the architecture of the integrated decision support platform and the first realisation of the user dashboard. The paper concludes with a description of the continuing work being undertaken to deliver a workable system to cultural heritage curators and researchers.
Interactive 3D Exploration of a Virtual Sculpture Collection: an Analysis of User Behavior in Museum Settings
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Agus, Marco; Marton, Fabio; Bettio, Fabio; Gobbetti, Enrico; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
We present a usage analysis of an interactive system for the exploration of highly detailed 3D models of a collection of protostoric mediterranean sculptures. In this system, after selecting the object of interest inside the collection, its detailed 3D model and associated information are presented at high resolution on a large vertical display controlled by a touch-enabled horizontal surface placed at a suitable distance in front of it. The indirect user interface combines an object-aware interactive camera controller with an interactive point-of-interest selector and is implemented within a scalable implementation based on multiresolution structures shared between the rendering and user interaction subsystems. The system has been installed in several temporary and permanent exhibitions, and has been extensively used by tens of thousands of visitors. We provide here a data-driven analysis of usage experience based on logs gathered during a 24 months period in four exhibitions in Archeological museums, for a total of over 75K exploration sessions. The results highlight the main trends in visitor behavior during the interactive sessions, which can provide useful insights for the design of 3D exploration user interfaces in future digital installations.
GCH 2016: Frontmatter
(Eurographics Association, 2016) Chiara Eva Catalano; Livio De Luca;
Feature Identification in Archaeological Fragments Using Families of Algebraic Curves
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Torrente, Maria-Laura; Biasotti, Silvia; Falcidieno, Bianca; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
A method is proposed to identify and localize semantic features like anatomical characteristics or decorations on digital artefacts or fragments, even if the features are partially damaged or incomplete. This technique is based on a novel generalization of the Hough transform. Its major advantages are the relative robustness to noise and the recognition power also in the case of partial features. Our experiments on digital models of real artefacts show the potential of the method, which can work on both 3D meshes and point clouds.
Toward a Multimodal Photogrammetric Acquisition and Processing Methodology for Monitoring Conservation and Restoration Studies
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Pamart, Anthony; Guillon, Odile; Vallet, Jean-Marc; Luca, Livio De; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Close-range photogrammetry is nowadays a common technique applied to acquire 3D data on Cultural Heritage (CH) artifacts. Image-based modeling are indeed providing useful resources for the documentation and the conservation but it is also set more recently as a monitoring tool that could help the decision making in term of restoration. The 3D footprint restitutes as a point cloud, the appearance according to a definite spatial resolution and at a given time, the visible surface of an artifact. Nevertheless, different techniques of scientific imaging are also used to obtain complementary information. This paper explores a multimodal approach of the photogrammetric survey and data processing to reach a multidimensional data integration (i.e. spatial, temporal and, or spectral).
Accelerating Point Cloud Cleaning
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Mulder, Rickert L.; Marais, Patrick; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
A laser scanning campaign to capture the geometry of a large heritage site can produce thousands of high resolution range scans. These must be cleaned to remove noise and artefacts. To accelerate the cleaning task, we can i) reduce the time required for batch-processing tasks, ii) reduce user interaction time, or iii) replace interactive tasks with more efficient automated algorithms. We present a point cloud cleaning framework that attempts to improve each of these aspects. First, we present a novel system architecture targeted point cloud segmentation. This architecture represents 'layers' of related points in a way that greatly reduces memory consumption and provides efficient set operations between layers. These set operations (union, difference, intersection) allow the creation of new layers which aid in the segmentation task. Next, we introduce roll-corrected 3D camera navigation that allows a user to look around freely while reducing disorientation. A user study showed that this camera mode significantly reduces a user´s navigation time between locations in a large point cloud thus accelerating point selection operations. Finally, we show how boosted random forests can be trained interactively, per scan, to assist users in a point cleaning task. To achieve interactivity, we sub-sample the training data on the fly and use efficient features adapted to the properties of range scans. Training and classification required 8-9s for point clouds up to 11 million points. Tests showed that a simple user-selected seed allowed walls to be recovered from tree and bush overgrowth with up to 92% accuracy (f-score). A preliminary user study showed that overall task time performance was improved. The study could however not confirm this result as statistically significant with 19 users. These results are, however, promising and suggest that even larger performance improvements are likely with more sophisticated features or the use of colour range images, which are now commonplace.
Harvesting Dynamic 3D Worlds from Commodity Sensor Clouds
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Boubekeur, Tamy; Cignoni, Paolo; Eisemann, Elmar; Goesele, Michael; Klein, Reinhard; Roth, Stefan; Weinmann, Michael; Wimmer, Michael; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The EU FP7 FET-Open project ''Harvest4D: Harvesting Dynamic 3D Worlds from Commodity Sensor Clouds'' deals with the acquisition, processing, and display of dynamic 3D data. Technological progress is offering us a wide-spread availability of sensing devices that deliver different data streams, which can be easily deployed in the real world and produce streams of sampled data with increased density and easier iteration of the sampling process. These data need to be processed and displayed in a new way. The Harvest4D project proposes a radical change in acquisition and processing technology: instead of a goaldriven acquisition that determines the devices and sensors, its methods let the sensors and resulting available data determine the acquisition process. A variety of challenging problems need to be solved: huge data amounts, different modalities, varying scales, dynamic, noisy and colorful data. This short contribution presents a selection of the many scientific results produced by Harvest4D. We will focus on those results that could bring a major impact to the Cultural Heritage domain, namely facilitating the acquisition of the sampled data or providing advanced visual analysis capabilities.
Interdisciplinary Dialogue Towards an Enhanced Understanding of Optical Techniques for Recording Material Cultural Heritage - Results of a COST Action
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Boochs, Frank; Bentkowska-Kafel, Anna; Wefers, Stefanie; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The COST Transdomain Action TD1201, Colour and Space in Cultural Heritage [COSb], 2012-2016, contributes to the conservation and preservation of cultural heritage (CH) by enhancing shared understanding, between experts from various disciplines, of the spectral and spatial recording of physical CH objects. Optimal recording, adapted to the requirements of a CH application, should involve experts from multiple disciplines and industries. Such an interdisciplinary approach is necessary "in order to protect, preserve, analyze, understand, model, virtually reproduce, document and publish important CH in Europe and beyond" [COSa]. In order to fulfil this goal, experts from 28 European countries entered into a multidisciplinary dialogue trying to establish a common understanding of spatial and spectral recording techniques best suited for particular CH applications. Several COSCH groups worked on the characterisation of spatial and spectral recording techniques; the use of algorithms and processing chains; and requirements of analysis, restoration and visualisation of CH surfaces and objects. A range of possible applications of optical techniques, now available to recording and examination of CH objects, have been tested through six COSCH case studies [BKM17]. These projects have exposed the challenges of common understanding of the processes involved, and differences in disciplinary research needs and methods. A number of issues have been identified, sometimes as basic as lack of common specialist terminology and relevant technical standards. The complexity of the field became apparent in the course of designing COSCHKR, ontological knowledge representation, which employs semantic technologies. After four years of interdisciplinary dialogue, COSCH leaves a legacy that will help the dialogue to continue, technology to develop, and specialist training to better respond to the actual needs of the interdisciplinary CH research communities.
4D Virtual Reconstruction of White Bastion Fortress
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Rizvic, Selma; Okanovic, Vensada; Prazina, Irfan; Sadzak, Aida; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
White bastion fortress has been standing in defense of Sarajevo since medieval period. In time it was changing together with various dominations upon the city. 4D virtual presentation aims to display the historical development of this cultural heritage object through digital storytelling combined with interactive 3D models of the Bastion in various time periods. These models contain digitized findings from the site and their 3D reconstructions. In this paper we present a new method of interactive digital storytelling for cultural heritage and its initial user evaluation.
Scan4Reco: Towards the Digitized Conservation of Cultural Heritage Assets via Spatiotemporal (4D) Reconstruction and 3D Printing
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Dimitriou, Nikolaos; Drosou, Anastasios; Tzovaras, Dimitrios; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The European Cultural Heritage includes a rich variety of cultural items and a significant amount of resources is devoted to their conservation and dissemination to the public. Living in the era of digitization, these efforts have been significantly facilitated by advances not only in traditional domains (e.g. material science, etc.), but also from more modern ones (i.e. 3D computer graphics & VR simulations). Within this context, the EU funded project Scan4Reco aims to offer low-cost and feasible solutions in the field, as well as to improve existing practices via the automatic digitization and documentation of a wide variety of cultural items. In particular, material identification and visualization will be addressed via multi-sensorial and multi-resolutional material segmentation and data-fusion algorithms, while the problem of the parallel deterioration of the composing materials, given certain environmental conditions will be dealt with via the introduction and fusion of statistical, material-specific ageing models. The conservation dedicated Decision Support System (DSS) of Scan4Reco will be built upon a simulation engine and will suggest optimal conservation methodologies according to different criteria. Last but not least, the Scan4Reco outcomes will be demonstrated through tactile multilayered 3D printed surrogates, while digital surrogates of the cultural items along with their travel in time will be exhibited in a dedicated VR museum. In order to familiarize the reader with Sca4Reco's research novelties and breakthrough innovations, the current paper describes its modules, elaborating on their connection to the project's objectives and to identified user requirements. In addition, we present the overall architecture of the platform commenting on the interdependencies between components and their functionality.
Semantic Structuring and 3D Modeling of Masonry Structure
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Jacquot, Kévin; Luca, Livio De; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Studies of architectural heritage require tight control over spatial data. It is an prerequisite for the representation, analysis, conservation and structural restoration of architectural heritage. As regards the morphology of architectural works, the challenge is to move from 3D survey raw data to semantic 3D models. The objective of our project is to develop and experiment a process for the treatment of point clouds in order to create a computational model dedicated to mechanic behavior analysis. Thus, the modeling and semantic structuring is achieved through a knowledge-based approach. Semantic dimension and topological constraints are identified and explicated through the creation of a knowledge model of masonry works. This knowledge is used to implement a set of tools for the reverse engineering of digitized masonry structures.
ArchAIDE - Archaeological Automatic Interpretation and Documentation of cEramics
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Gualandi, Maria Letizia; Scopigno, Roberto; Wolf, Lior; Richards, Julian; Garrigos, Jaume Buxeda i; Heinzelmann, Michael; Hervas, Miguel Angel; Vila, Llorenc; Zallocco, Massimo; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The goals of H2020 project "ArchAIDE: are to support the classification and interpretation work of archaeologists with innovative computer-based tools, able to provide the user with features for the semi-automatic description and matching of potsherds over the huge existing ceramic catalogues. Pottery classification is of fundamental importance for the comprehension and dating of the archaeological contexts, and for understanding production, trade flows and social interactions, but it requires complex skills and it is a very time consuming activity, both for researchers and professionals. The aim of ArchAIDE is to support the work of archaeologists, in order to meet real user needs and generate economic benefits, reducing time and costs. This would create societal benefits from cultural heritage, improving access, re-use and exploitation of the digital cultural heritage in a sustainable way. These objectives will be achieved through the development of: - an as-automatic-as-possible procedure to transform the paper catalogues in a digital description, to be used as a data pool for search and retrieval process; - a tool (mainly designed for mobile devices) that will support archaeologists in recognizing and classifying potsherds during excavation and post-excavation analysis, through an easy-to-use interface and efficient algorithms for characterisation, search and retrieval of the visual/geometrical correspondences; - an automatic procedure to derive a complete potsherds identity card by transforming the data collected into a formatted electronic document, printable or visual; - a web-based real-time data visualisation to improve access to archaeological heritage and generate new understanding; - an open archive to allow the archival and re-use of archaeological data, transforming them into common heritage and permitting economic sustainability. Those tools will be tested and assessed on real-cases scenarios, paving the way to future exploitation.
Color Restoration of Scanned Archaeological Artifacts with Repetitive Patterns
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Gilad-Glickman, Danit; Shimshoni, Ilan; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Our work addresses the problem of virtually restoring archaeological artifacts. Virtual restoration is the process of creating a noise-free model of a degraded object, to visualize its original appearance. Our work focuses on restoring the coloring of the object. We considered both 2D and 3D objects, including scans of ancient texts and 3D models of decorated pottery. Our denoising method exploits typical characteristics of archaeological artifacts, such as repetitive decoration motifs and a limited palette of colors. Our classification method is based on minimization of an energy function, which includes a correspondence term, to encourage consistent labeling of similar regions. The energy function is minimized using the Graph-Cuts algorithm.
The Missing Scholarship Behind Virtual Heritage Infrastructures
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Champion, Erik Malcolm; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
This theoretical position paper outlines four key issues blocking the development of effective 3D models that would be suitable for the aims and objectives of virtual heritage infrastructures. It suggests that a real-time game environment which composes levels at runtime from streaming multimédia components would offer advantages in terms of editing, customisation and personalisation. The paper concludes with three recommendations for virtual heritage infrastructures.
Wall Painting Reconstruction Using a Genetic Algorithm
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Sizikova, Elena; Funkhouser, Thomas; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Global reconstruction of two-dimensional wall paintings (frescoes) from fragments is an important problem for many archaeological sites. The goal is to find the global position and rotation for each fragment so that all fragments jointly "reconstruct" the original surface (i.e., solve the puzzle). Manual fragment placement is difficult and time-consuming, especially when fragments are irregularly shaped and uncolored. Systems have been proposed to first acquire 3D surface scans of the fragments and then use computer algorithms to solve the reconstruction problem. These systems work well for small test cases and for puzzles with distinctive features, but fail for larger reconstructions of real wall paintings with eroded and missing fragments due to the complexity of the reconstruction search space. We address the search problem with an unsupervised genetic algorithm (GA): we evolve a pool of partial reconstructions that grow through recombination and selection over the course of generations. We introduce a novel algorithm for combining partial reconstructions that is robust to noise and outliers, and we provide a new selection procedure that balances fitness and diversity in the population. In experiments with a benchmark dataset our algorithm is able to achieve larger and more accurate global reconstructions than previous automatic algorithms.
On-site AR Interface based on Web-based 3D Database for Cultural Heritage in Egypt
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Yasumuro, Yoshihiro; Matsushita, Ryosuke; Higo, Tokihisa; Suita, Hiroshi; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
We have been developing a web-based 3D archiving system for supporting the diverse specialties and nationalities needed for carrying out the survey and restoration work of the archaeological project at the Mastaba of Idout in Saqqara, Egypt. Our 3D archiving system is designed for the spontaneous updating, accumulating, and sharing of information on findings in order to better enable frequent discussions, through a 3D virtual copy of the field site that a user can visit, explore, and embed information into, over the Internet. This paper proposes an AR (augmented reality) interface for on-site use to enhance access from mobile devices at the actual site to the archiving system. We utilize SFM (structure from motion) to organize the photos and their shooting viewpoints in 3D space. Then solving the Perspective-n-Point (PnP) problem, a photo taken at the site can be stably matched to the pre-registered photo sets in the archiving system and the archived information is automatically overlaid on the photo with precise perspective, just in the same manner as exploring the virtual version of the site on desktop PCs. This paper shows effective AR representation performance with millimeters precisions of the AR representation at the on-going project site, as well as the implementation details.

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