VE: Eurographics Workshop on Virtual Environments - Short Papers

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Direct Visuo-Haptic Display System Using a Novel Concept
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Bordegoni, Monica; Covarrubias, Mario; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
In this short paper we describe a Direct Visuo-Haptic Display System (DVHDS) setup based on a DLP projector, an overhead projection plane and a half silvered mirror. The system is specifically designed for being integrated with a haptic system. It offers a large viewing area with a proper haptic work space ideal for full arm movements in an immersive environment. The system allows superimposing the virtual scene onto the user's perspective of the real world. The system supports controlling the sense of depth and the correction of the distortion of the projected image.
Learning from Painting: Perspective-dependent Geometry Deformation for Perceptual Realism
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Franke, Ingmar Steffen; Zavesky, Martin; Dachselt, Raimund; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Virtual environments and user interfaces in general can be improved by using the concept of Perceptual Realism, e.g. by means of non-photorealistic rendering techniques. The approach presented here follows a different path by reducing perceived geometric distortions, which typically occur for spherical objects while rendering scenes with a large angle of view. Learning from painting, we adopt the Renaissance painters principle of using multiperspective views and propose a perspective correction technique to overcome the mentioned problem. With it, three-dimensional transformations directly modify the geometry of particular objects within a scene to countervail their distortion during the rendering process. The approach results in an improved perceptual realism of the rendered images.
Interactive Social Displays
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Pfeiffer, Thies; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
The mediation of social presence is one of the most interesting challenges of modern communication technology. The proposed metaphor of Interactive Social Displays describes new ways of interactions with multi-/crossmodal interfaces prepared for a psychologically augmented communication. A first prototype demonstrates the application of this metaphor in a teleconferencing scenario.
A Unified Multi-Surface, Multi-ResolutionWorkspace with Camera-Based Scanning and Projector-Based Illumination
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Johnson, Tyler; Fuchs, Henry; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Research in the area of projector- and camera-augmented office environments has demonstrated the use of cameras as desktop scanning devices, shown the benefits of using multiple display devices for focus and context information, and advocated display on multiple surfaces for visualization of multi-dimensional data. In this paper, we describe how the implementation of these ideas can be unified to simplify the creation of a workspace that combines them.
Requirements for Industrial Augmented Reality Tracking Systems - an Evaluation
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Pentenrieder, Katharina; Meier, Peter; Doil, Fabian; Nölle, Stefan; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Industrial environments often have special requirements for AR systems and features are prioritized different than in scientific applications. The Volkswagen group (VW) wants to apply an AR-guided stud welding system for smallseries and prototype production. To find the optimal tracking system for this application, an evaluation of different tracking systems was undertaken, whose results and consequences are outlined here.
Using Proprioception as a Cue towards Effective Spatial Input in VR: a Framework for an Experimental Study
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Veit, Manuel; Capobianco, Antonio; Bechmann, Dominique; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
We developed a free form deformation application for an immersive environment in which users can interact freely by using datagloves. In this paper, we present an experimental protocol designed to investigate the contribution of proprioception and bimanual interaction on spatial input tasks in the context of our modeling application.
Hybrid Information Presentation: Combining a Portable Augmented Reality Laser Projector and a Conventional Computer Display
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Schwerdtfeger, Bjoern; Klinker, Gudrun; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
We present a three dimensional, user centered instruction placement system that is geared toward supporting high quality ubiquitous information presentation in industrial environments. Our system uses a hybrid information presentation approach that combines low resolution three dimensional displays with high resolution two dimensional displays. To this end, we have designed and built a portable laser projector to augment a real environment. The information that is provided by the final system is separated into two aspects: where-to-act and what-to-do. The laser projector displays simple where-to-act information directly in three dimensions on an object in the environment while an additional standard screen displays the more complex what-to-do information. To appreciate an initial proof of concept, a first user study of the system has been conducted in the context of a quality assurance scenario.
An Approach to the Evaluation of Ownership Management Techniques in Collaborative Virtual Environments
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Garcia, Arturo; Molina, José P.; Steed, Anthony; Martínez, Diego; González, Pascual; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Several ownership management techniques have been proposed for maintaining consistency, one of the main factors in Collaborative Virtual Environments. However, few studies address the effect that network latency has on these mechanisms, as it can influence both the development of the tasks by users and their view of the system. This paper describes an experiment that tackles this issue, and shows how users get frustrated and tend to think that the system is not reliable as the amount of latency increases.
Real-time Reconstruction of PseudoWide-angle Images with an Approximating Depth Model
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Honda, Kenji; Hashimoto, Naoki; Sato, Makoto; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Recently, interactive contents with high quality images are widely used in various areas. One of the ways that makes the contents more realistic is displaying them as covering viewer's field-of-view. However, the view-angle of the existent contents are not enough for covering the large display surfaces because they are based on household TV monitors whose target view-angle is about 30 degrees. In order to achieve realistic feeling of being in that content, we have to enlarge the view-angle of these images in real-time. So, in this research, we propose a technique that reconstructs wide view-angle images by extracting peripheral images from time-series image frames in realtime. A simple 3-D model approximating target scenes contributes to, achieving real-time processing and reduction of uncomfortable feeling with distortions of the reconstructed peripheral images. We apply this method to an actual game content, and consider the quality of image and its processing time. By using that implementation, we perform objective and subjective evaluations, and confirm the effectiveness for enhancing the fun of the content itself.
Elbe Dom: 360 Degree Full Immersive Laser Projection System
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Schoor, Wolfram; Masik, Steffen; Hofmann, Marc; Mecke, Rüdiger; Müller, Gerhard; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
The immersive visualization of virtual interactive environments presents an immense challenge to current representation techniques, especially multi-user applications. This paper presents a new solution to meet the drastically increasing demand for greater degrees of realism and immersion in representation techniques: Full 360 degree continuous projection in the Elbe Dom. Moreover, this solution points toward other potentially widespread uses from multi-user and mixed reality applications through detailed user tracking. These applications are discussed and interaction paradigms are presented with initial examples of applications employing this new display system are presented.
Augmentation of Visualisation Using Sonification: A Case Study in Computational Fluid Dynamics
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Kazakevich, Maryia; Boulanger, Pierre; Bischof, Walter F.; Garcia, M.; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Advances in computer processing power and networking over the past few years have brought significant changes to the modeling and simulation of complex phenomena. Problems that formerly could only be tackled in batch mode, with their results being visualized afterwards, can now be monitored using graphical means while in progress. In certain cases, it is even possible to alter parameters of the computation while it is running, depending on what the scientist perceives in the current visual output. This ability to monitor and change parameters of the computational process at any time and from anywhere is called computational steering. Combining this capability with advanced multi-modal tools to explore the data produced by these systems are key to our approach. We present an advanced multi-modal interface where sonification and 3D visualization are used in a computational steering environment specialized to solve real-time Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) problems. More specifically, this paper describes and experimentally proves how sonification of CFD data can be used to augment 3D visualization.
vrLib: A Designer Oriented Interaction and 3D User Interface Library
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Sternberger, Ludovic; Brandel, Sylvain; Bechmann, Dominique; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
In this paper we propose vrLib, a toolkit which aims to make 3D graphical user interface and interaction very easy to design in virtual environments. This project provides well known and new interaction techniques and ready to use widgets, which are totally hardware independent. The main contribution allows to elaborate complex 3D user interfaces in same way it is done in 2D. This toolkit provides adaptive interaction, which means interaction techniques can automatically adapt their behavior to 2D and 3D widgets. This short paper describes the vrLib architecture for construction of 3D interactive applications.
A Lightweight ID-Based Extension for Marker Tracking Systems
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Flohr, Daniel; Fischer, Jan; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
The estimation of the position and orientation of the digital video camera is a central challenge in video seethrough augmented reality. Many augmented reality applications solve this problem with the help of markerbased methods, which analyze artificial fiducials in the images of the real environment, e.g., using the widespread ARToolKit library. Among the drawbacks of conventional marker tracking is the necessity to manually define marker patterns. Badly chosen patterns have a negative impact on tracking performance. Although improved methods for automatic marker generation have been described, manually controlled marker tracking is still widely used in many applications for practical reasons. In this paper, we describe a lightweight drop-in extension for IDbased marker tracking. Our system makes it possible to automatically generate a large number of tracking fiducials identified by unique numerical IDs. The created marker patterns consists of large monochrome patches, which improves the recognition rate and tracking performance compared to typical manually defined fiducials. Due to the design of our extension, only minimal adaptations are required in order to add ID-based tracking to existing augmented reality software. We discuss experimental results demonstrating the improved pattern recognition and describe an example application.
Coordinate System Transformations for Imitation of Goal-Directed Trajectories in Virtual Humans
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Amor, Heni Ben; Weber, Matthias; Heumer, Guido; Jung, Bernhard; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
The goal of this work is to record human hand trajectories during goal-oriented reaching behaviors in immersive VR for later imitation by a virtual human. It is desirable that the used trajectory representation generalizes over different positions and orientations of the target object. To this end, this work investigates trajectory representations in two neurophysiologically inspired coordinate systems. Results show that natural looking movement can be preserved as real motion capture data is used as a basis for these calculations.
STORM: a Generic Interaction and Behavioral Model for 3D Objects and Humanoids in a Virtual Environment
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Mollet, Nicolas; Gerbaud, Stéfanie; Arnaldi, Bruno; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
We present in this paper research focused on interaction and behavior specification for 3D objects in general, including humanoids. This research is conducted in the context of a collaboration with Nexter-Group (a French military manufacturer) in order to introduce Virtual Reality (VR) in maintenance training. The use of VR environments for training is strongly stimulated by important needs of training on sensitive equipment, sometimes fragile, unavailable, costly or dangerous. Nevertheless, for the development of such applications, the re-use of existing developments is a major issue. Our research is focused on models that have been designed to achieve this reusability and standardization for the efficient development of new virtual environments. In particular, we defined a new generic model named STORM, used to describe reusable behaviors for 3D objects in general, including humanoids, and reusable interactions between those objects.
3-D Reconstitution and Virtual Reality of World Heritage Site in Danger: the Citadel of Bam
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Andaroodi, Elham; Matini, Mohammad-Reza; Abe, Nobuaki; Ono, K.; Kawai, T.; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
This paper presents research in progress on 3-D computer simulation and a virtual reality demonstration of a world heritage site that was destroyed in the earthquake (the citadel of Bam). In a comparative study with other examples of VR of cultural heritage, the approach of this research is introduced as analytic and comparative 3-D modelling (mostly as mesh or poly modelling) using diverse data resources such as 2-D maps, photos, etc. and VR demonstration of ten case studies as the result of first phase of the research.
Experimental Study of Haptic Interface Considering Myoelectrical Activity
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Sone, Junji; Inoue, R.; Tsuyuki, S.; Ishikawa, K.; Yamada, K.; Kaneko, I.; Tokuyama, Y.; Fujita, K.; Sato, Makoto; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Many types of haptic interface for virtual reality have been proposed. These haptic interfaces mostly contain earth grounding linkages. In this study, we considered wearable haptic interfaces for improved flexibility. It was necessary to consider information regarding the human body and we focused on the role of muscle. First, we measured the activation pattern of muscle for actions by electromyogram. For an action, we designed a wearable suit to constrict the muscle for activation. An experiment was performed using the developed wearable haptic interface for simple pulling and lifting the weight action. We confirmed the force feedback effect of haptic interfaces. Here, we also propose a new mechanism to resolve the problems identified.
Improved 3D Interactive Devices for Passive and Active Stereo Virtual Environments
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Wormell, Dean; Foxlin, Eric; Katzman, Patricia; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
This paper introduces a new set of tracking devices for 3D virtual environment interaction and reviews enhancements including device miniaturization, power reduction, and ruggedization. The goal of these improvements was to reduce size and weight of head-worn tracking devices for use with passive-stereo immersive display systems, whose polarized glasses are much smaller than LCD shutter glasses and therefore require smaller tracking sensors. The major changes include a 2-fold reduction in the size and weight of the wearable sensor devices and improvement of wireless tracking capability and battery life.
Immersive Augmented Reality Display System Using a Large Semi-transparent Mirror
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Murase, Kaori; Ogi, Tetsuro; Saito, Kouta; Koyama, Takahide; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
This paper proposes an immersive augmented reality display system, named "AR View", that generates a high presence augmented reality environment using the immersive projection technology. In this system, the stereoscopic image of virtual objects, projected onto a floor screen by stereo projectors and real objects placed in front of, or behind, a highly transparent mirror film are combined optically, using the mirror, placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the floor. In order to create correct occlusion effect in over large area of the augmented realty environment, light projectors have been used to illuminate the surface of real objects using the occlusion shadow function, rather than standard light bulbs. The AR View was applied to various applications such as the high presence communication using a video avatar, by connecting it to a broadband network.
Advanced Inertial-Optical Tracking System for Wide Area Mixed and Augmented Reality Systems
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Wormell, Dean; Foxlin, Eric; Katzman, Patricia; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
InterSense is introducing a vastly improved version of its wide-area tracking inertial-optical tracking system (IS-1200 VisTracker). The new VisTracker technology has several enhancements including device miniaturization, an embedded image processor, improved optics, a higher resolution imaging CMOS monochrome sensor, power reduction, and ruggedization. A review of the IS-1200 architecture and new components is discussed. Examples of the IS-1200 initial deployment are given for AR applications.

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