VE: Eurographics Workshop on Virtual Environments - Short Papers

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A Unified Multi-Surface, Multi-ResolutionWorkspace with Camera-Based Scanning and Projector-Based Illumination
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Johnson, Tyler; Fuchs, Henry; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Research in the area of projector- and camera-augmented office environments has demonstrated the use of cameras as desktop scanning devices, shown the benefits of using multiple display devices for focus and context information, and advocated display on multiple surfaces for visualization of multi-dimensional data. In this paper, we describe how the implementation of these ideas can be unified to simplify the creation of a workspace that combines them.
Requirements for Industrial Augmented Reality Tracking Systems - an Evaluation
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Pentenrieder, Katharina; Meier, Peter; Doil, Fabian; Nölle, Stefan; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Industrial environments often have special requirements for AR systems and features are prioritized different than in scientific applications. The Volkswagen group (VW) wants to apply an AR-guided stud welding system for smallseries and prototype production. To find the optimal tracking system for this application, an evaluation of different tracking systems was undertaken, whose results and consequences are outlined here.
Evaluating the Effects of Haptics on Presence while Traveling in a Desktop Virtual Environment
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Jorissen, Pieter; Vanacken, Lode; Lamotte, Wim; Coninx, Karin; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Virtual reality applications seek to fully immerse participants into their virtual world experience. The investigation of how stimuli on the different senses influence the users is therefore crucial. As navigation is one of the most ubiquitous tasks in virtual environments, studying the influence of haptics on user presence is a necessity for future applications. This work presents an empirical study on the role of haptics during travel in a desktop virtual environment. Three techniques were compared in respect to task performance, perceived task performance, perceived presence and mental and physical workload. While our results indicate that haptics has a positive influence on participant s perceived presence and performance, his total workload remains constant. Furthermore, we show that these findings apply to both experienced and unexperienced virtual environment users.
A Quantitative Assessment of the Impact on Spatial Understanding of Exploring a Complex Immersive Virtual Environment using Augmented Real Walking versus Flying
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Interrante, Victoria; O'Rourke, Eleanor; Gray, Leanne; Anderson, Lee; Ries, Brian; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
When an immersive virtual environment spans an area that is larger than the available physical space for real walking, one may use an augmented walking method such as Seven League Boots to enable participants to explore the space while gaining proprioceptive feedback that is similar to what they would experience with normal walking. In this paper, we present the results of a preliminary experiment in which we seek to quantitatively assess the extent to which participants are able to make more accurate spatial judgments about the locations of previously-seen targets in a complicated virtual city environment, experienced using a head-mounted display, after traveling to them using augmented real walking ( boots ) versus virtual walking enabled by a button press on a hand-held wand. In a series of trials, we ask participants to follow paths of increasing complexity from a home base to different hidden targets in the environment and back. At each endpoint, with the path markings turned off, we ask participants to point, through the intervening alleyway walls, to the location they believe they started from. Participants are able to make real turns with their bodies in both locomotion conditions, however they are able to make real forward movement only under the augmented walking condition. Each participant completes eight trials under each locomotion condition, with the target locations and the order of experiencing each method counterbalanced between participants. In data collected from six participants so far, we are finding that the median angle error is significantly greater, overall, in the wand locomotion condition than in the boots locomotion condition, and that the errors tend to increase, overall, as the path complexity increases (from two segments to four segments) in the wand locomotion condition but not in the boots locomotion condition.
Monocular Head Tracking for Desktop Virtual Environments
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Korkalo, Otto; Takala, Tapio; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
We present an approach to head tracking to be applied in desktop virtual environments. The system is able to estimate both the position and orientation of the user s head using only monocular view. In our approach, the edge of the front face of shutter or polarization glasses is detected, and the pose is estimated using algorithm based on planar homographies. The solution is based on marker configuration made up from lines, whose intersection points are used to estimate the pose. Instead of using planar square markers common in augmented reality applications, we take the advantage of the natural shape of the virtual reality glasses. In this paper, we describe our system set-up and detail the steps to implement the algorithm. In addition, we compare the proposed approach to well-known solution. The system performs real-time in a standard laptop computer.
A Single Chip DLP Projector for Stereoscopic Images of High Color Quality and Resolution
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Hopp, Armin; Havemann, Sven; Fellner, Dieter W.; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
We present a novel stereoscopic projection system. It combines all the advantages of modern single-chip DLP technology attractive price, great brightness, high contrast, superior resolution and color quality with those of active stereoscopy: invariance to the orientation of the user and an image separation of nearly 100%. With a refresh rate of 60 Hz per eye (120 Hz in total) our system is flicker-free even for sensitive users. The system permits external projector synchronisation which allows to build up affordable stereoscopic multi-projector systems, e.g., for immersive visualisation.
vrLib: A Designer Oriented Interaction and 3D User Interface Library
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Sternberger, Ludovic; Brandel, Sylvain; Bechmann, Dominique; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
In this paper we propose vrLib, a toolkit which aims to make 3D graphical user interface and interaction very easy to design in virtual environments. This project provides well known and new interaction techniques and ready to use widgets, which are totally hardware independent. The main contribution allows to elaborate complex 3D user interfaces in same way it is done in 2D. This toolkit provides adaptive interaction, which means interaction techniques can automatically adapt their behavior to 2D and 3D widgets. This short paper describes the vrLib architecture for construction of 3D interactive applications.
Using Proprioception as a Cue towards Effective Spatial Input in VR: a Framework for an Experimental Study
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Veit, Manuel; Capobianco, Antonio; Bechmann, Dominique; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
We developed a free form deformation application for an immersive environment in which users can interact freely by using datagloves. In this paper, we present an experimental protocol designed to investigate the contribution of proprioception and bimanual interaction on spatial input tasks in the context of our modeling application.
Real-time Reconstruction of PseudoWide-angle Images with an Approximating Depth Model
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Honda, Kenji; Hashimoto, Naoki; Sato, Makoto; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Recently, interactive contents with high quality images are widely used in various areas. One of the ways that makes the contents more realistic is displaying them as covering viewer's field-of-view. However, the view-angle of the existent contents are not enough for covering the large display surfaces because they are based on household TV monitors whose target view-angle is about 30 degrees. In order to achieve realistic feeling of being in that content, we have to enlarge the view-angle of these images in real-time. So, in this research, we propose a technique that reconstructs wide view-angle images by extracting peripheral images from time-series image frames in realtime. A simple 3-D model approximating target scenes contributes to, achieving real-time processing and reduction of uncomfortable feeling with distortions of the reconstructed peripheral images. We apply this method to an actual game content, and consider the quality of image and its processing time. By using that implementation, we perform objective and subjective evaluations, and confirm the effectiveness for enhancing the fun of the content itself.
Augmentation of Visualisation Using Sonification: A Case Study in Computational Fluid Dynamics
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Kazakevich, Maryia; Boulanger, Pierre; Bischof, Walter F.; Garcia, M.; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Advances in computer processing power and networking over the past few years have brought significant changes to the modeling and simulation of complex phenomena. Problems that formerly could only be tackled in batch mode, with their results being visualized afterwards, can now be monitored using graphical means while in progress. In certain cases, it is even possible to alter parameters of the computation while it is running, depending on what the scientist perceives in the current visual output. This ability to monitor and change parameters of the computational process at any time and from anywhere is called computational steering. Combining this capability with advanced multi-modal tools to explore the data produced by these systems are key to our approach. We present an advanced multi-modal interface where sonification and 3D visualization are used in a computational steering environment specialized to solve real-time Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) problems. More specifically, this paper describes and experimentally proves how sonification of CFD data can be used to augment 3D visualization.
Hybrid Information Presentation: Combining a Portable Augmented Reality Laser Projector and a Conventional Computer Display
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Schwerdtfeger, Bjoern; Klinker, Gudrun; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
We present a three dimensional, user centered instruction placement system that is geared toward supporting high quality ubiquitous information presentation in industrial environments. Our system uses a hybrid information presentation approach that combines low resolution three dimensional displays with high resolution two dimensional displays. To this end, we have designed and built a portable laser projector to augment a real environment. The information that is provided by the final system is separated into two aspects: where-to-act and what-to-do. The laser projector displays simple where-to-act information directly in three dimensions on an object in the environment while an additional standard screen displays the more complex what-to-do information. To appreciate an initial proof of concept, a first user study of the system has been conducted in the context of a quality assurance scenario.
Elbe Dom: 360 Degree Full Immersive Laser Projection System
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Schoor, Wolfram; Masik, Steffen; Hofmann, Marc; Mecke, Rüdiger; Müller, Gerhard; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
The immersive visualization of virtual interactive environments presents an immense challenge to current representation techniques, especially multi-user applications. This paper presents a new solution to meet the drastically increasing demand for greater degrees of realism and immersion in representation techniques: Full 360 degree continuous projection in the Elbe Dom. Moreover, this solution points toward other potentially widespread uses from multi-user and mixed reality applications through detailed user tracking. These applications are discussed and interaction paradigms are presented with initial examples of applications employing this new display system are presented.
An Approach to the Evaluation of Ownership Management Techniques in Collaborative Virtual Environments
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Garcia, Arturo; Molina, José P.; Steed, Anthony; Martínez, Diego; González, Pascual; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Several ownership management techniques have been proposed for maintaining consistency, one of the main factors in Collaborative Virtual Environments. However, few studies address the effect that network latency has on these mechanisms, as it can influence both the development of the tasks by users and their view of the system. This paper describes an experiment that tackles this issue, and shows how users get frustrated and tend to think that the system is not reliable as the amount of latency increases.
3-D Reconstitution and Virtual Reality of World Heritage Site in Danger: the Citadel of Bam
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Andaroodi, Elham; Matini, Mohammad-Reza; Abe, Nobuaki; Ono, K.; Kawai, T.; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
This paper presents research in progress on 3-D computer simulation and a virtual reality demonstration of a world heritage site that was destroyed in the earthquake (the citadel of Bam). In a comparative study with other examples of VR of cultural heritage, the approach of this research is introduced as analytic and comparative 3-D modelling (mostly as mesh or poly modelling) using diverse data resources such as 2-D maps, photos, etc. and VR demonstration of ten case studies as the result of first phase of the research.
Experimental Study of Haptic Interface Considering Myoelectrical Activity
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Sone, Junji; Inoue, R.; Tsuyuki, S.; Ishikawa, K.; Yamada, K.; Kaneko, I.; Tokuyama, Y.; Fujita, K.; Sato, Makoto; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Many types of haptic interface for virtual reality have been proposed. These haptic interfaces mostly contain earth grounding linkages. In this study, we considered wearable haptic interfaces for improved flexibility. It was necessary to consider information regarding the human body and we focused on the role of muscle. First, we measured the activation pattern of muscle for actions by electromyogram. For an action, we designed a wearable suit to constrict the muscle for activation. An experiment was performed using the developed wearable haptic interface for simple pulling and lifting the weight action. We confirmed the force feedback effect of haptic interfaces. Here, we also propose a new mechanism to resolve the problems identified.
Improved 3D Interactive Devices for Passive and Active Stereo Virtual Environments
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Wormell, Dean; Foxlin, Eric; Katzman, Patricia; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
This paper introduces a new set of tracking devices for 3D virtual environment interaction and reviews enhancements including device miniaturization, power reduction, and ruggedization. The goal of these improvements was to reduce size and weight of head-worn tracking devices for use with passive-stereo immersive display systems, whose polarized glasses are much smaller than LCD shutter glasses and therefore require smaller tracking sensors. The major changes include a 2-fold reduction in the size and weight of the wearable sensor devices and improvement of wireless tracking capability and battery life.
An Immersive CAD Testbed
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Haselberger, Frank; Bues, Matthias; Schütz, Tibor; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Today Virtual Environments in industry are predominantly used for passive analysis of product or production data, mostly exported from CAD systems. To investigate on potentials of future immersive CAD-modeling and feasible user interfaces therefore, we have developed a basic CAD system for Virtual Environments. The application yet provides a variety of modeling and assembly functionalities and builds a testbed for the design of proper user interaction techniques.
Direct Visuo-Haptic Display System Using a Novel Concept
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Bordegoni, Monica; Covarrubias, Mario; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
In this short paper we describe a Direct Visuo-Haptic Display System (DVHDS) setup based on a DLP projector, an overhead projection plane and a half silvered mirror. The system is specifically designed for being integrated with a haptic system. It offers a large viewing area with a proper haptic work space ideal for full arm movements in an immersive environment. The system allows superimposing the virtual scene onto the user's perspective of the real world. The system supports controlling the sense of depth and the correction of the distortion of the projected image.
Advanced Inertial-Optical Tracking System for Wide Area Mixed and Augmented Reality Systems
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Wormell, Dean; Foxlin, Eric; Katzman, Patricia; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
InterSense is introducing a vastly improved version of its wide-area tracking inertial-optical tracking system (IS-1200 VisTracker). The new VisTracker technology has several enhancements including device miniaturization, an embedded image processor, improved optics, a higher resolution imaging CMOS monochrome sensor, power reduction, and ruggedization. A review of the IS-1200 architecture and new components is discussed. Examples of the IS-1200 initial deployment are given for AR applications.
Gait Parameters while Walking in a Head-mounted Display Virtual Environment and the Real World
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Mohler, Betty J.; Campos, Jennifer L.; Weyel, Michael B.; Bülthoff, Heinrich H.; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Full-body motion tracking data was collected for six subjects during free walking. Each participant was asked to walk to a previously seen target under four experimental conditions: eyes closed within the real world, eyes closed wearing a head-mounted display (HMD), eyes open in the real world, and eyes open wearing a HMD. We report three gait parameters for each of these four conditions: stride length, walking velocity, and head-trunk angle. This data reveals that these gait parameters within a HMD virtual environment (VE) are different than those in the real world. A person wearing a HMD and backpack walks slower, and takes a shorter stride length than they do in a comparable real world condition. In addition, head-trunk angle while walking to a target on the ground plane is lowest when walking with eyes open in a HMD VE.

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