VE: Eurographics Workshop on Virtual Environments - Short Papers

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A Single Chip DLP Projector for Stereoscopic Images of High Color Quality and Resolution
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Hopp, Armin; Havemann, Sven; Fellner, Dieter W.; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
We present a novel stereoscopic projection system. It combines all the advantages of modern single-chip DLP technology attractive price, great brightness, high contrast, superior resolution and color quality with those of active stereoscopy: invariance to the orientation of the user and an image separation of nearly 100%. With a refresh rate of 60 Hz per eye (120 Hz in total) our system is flicker-free even for sensitive users. The system permits external projector synchronisation which allows to build up affordable stereoscopic multi-projector systems, e.g., for immersive visualisation.
Functional Reactive Virtual Reality
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Blom, Kristopher J.; Beckhaus, Steffi; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
In this paper we introduce a VR system extension that focuses on the creation of interactive, dynamic Virtual Environments. The extension uses the recently developed programming concept, Functional Reactive Programming. This paradigm focuses on an explicit and more natural concept of time in the modeling of dynamics, without sacrificing interactivity. We present an implementation that embeds the Functional Reactive Programming concept into a basic Virtual Reality system, VR Juggler.
Evaluating the Effects of Haptics on Presence while Traveling in a Desktop Virtual Environment
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Jorissen, Pieter; Vanacken, Lode; Lamotte, Wim; Coninx, Karin; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Virtual reality applications seek to fully immerse participants into their virtual world experience. The investigation of how stimuli on the different senses influence the users is therefore crucial. As navigation is one of the most ubiquitous tasks in virtual environments, studying the influence of haptics on user presence is a necessity for future applications. This work presents an empirical study on the role of haptics during travel in a desktop virtual environment. Three techniques were compared in respect to task performance, perceived task performance, perceived presence and mental and physical workload. While our results indicate that haptics has a positive influence on participant s perceived presence and performance, his total workload remains constant. Furthermore, we show that these findings apply to both experienced and unexperienced virtual environment users.
Rendering on Tiled Displays using Advanced Stream Caching
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Lorenz, Mario; Brunnett, Guido; Heinz, Marcel; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
To render complex scenes on tiled displays efficiently modifications to the Chromium framework have been proposed that lead to significant lower processor and memory load on the client and a very effective utilization of available network bandwidth. To avoid redundant transmissions of identical command sequences that are generated by the application a transparent stream cache can be used that accelerates the multicast communication channel. It can be profiled that applications that do not use display lists or VBO s to control the rendering put a heavy load on the client host because the cache control has to compute a checksum for the identification of repeated command sequences. In this paper we analyse the possibilities to improve the stream caching for unmodified GL applications. As our main result we introduce a new GL extension to control the stream cache with minimally modified applications.
A Quantitative Assessment of the Impact on Spatial Understanding of Exploring a Complex Immersive Virtual Environment using Augmented Real Walking versus Flying
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Interrante, Victoria; O'Rourke, Eleanor; Gray, Leanne; Anderson, Lee; Ries, Brian; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
When an immersive virtual environment spans an area that is larger than the available physical space for real walking, one may use an augmented walking method such as Seven League Boots to enable participants to explore the space while gaining proprioceptive feedback that is similar to what they would experience with normal walking. In this paper, we present the results of a preliminary experiment in which we seek to quantitatively assess the extent to which participants are able to make more accurate spatial judgments about the locations of previously-seen targets in a complicated virtual city environment, experienced using a head-mounted display, after traveling to them using augmented real walking ( boots ) versus virtual walking enabled by a button press on a hand-held wand. In a series of trials, we ask participants to follow paths of increasing complexity from a home base to different hidden targets in the environment and back. At each endpoint, with the path markings turned off, we ask participants to point, through the intervening alleyway walls, to the location they believe they started from. Participants are able to make real turns with their bodies in both locomotion conditions, however they are able to make real forward movement only under the augmented walking condition. Each participant completes eight trials under each locomotion condition, with the target locations and the order of experiencing each method counterbalanced between participants. In data collected from six participants so far, we are finding that the median angle error is significantly greater, overall, in the wand locomotion condition than in the boots locomotion condition, and that the errors tend to increase, overall, as the path complexity increases (from two segments to four segments) in the wand locomotion condition but not in the boots locomotion condition.
Monocular Head Tracking for Desktop Virtual Environments
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Korkalo, Otto; Takala, Tapio; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
We present an approach to head tracking to be applied in desktop virtual environments. The system is able to estimate both the position and orientation of the user s head using only monocular view. In our approach, the edge of the front face of shutter or polarization glasses is detected, and the pose is estimated using algorithm based on planar homographies. The solution is based on marker configuration made up from lines, whose intersection points are used to estimate the pose. Instead of using planar square markers common in augmented reality applications, we take the advantage of the natural shape of the virtual reality glasses. In this paper, we describe our system set-up and detail the steps to implement the algorithm. In addition, we compare the proposed approach to well-known solution. The system performs real-time in a standard laptop computer.
Immersive Augmented Reality Display System Using a Large Semi-transparent Mirror
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Murase, Kaori; Ogi, Tetsuro; Saito, Kouta; Koyama, Takahide; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
This paper proposes an immersive augmented reality display system, named "AR View", that generates a high presence augmented reality environment using the immersive projection technology. In this system, the stereoscopic image of virtual objects, projected onto a floor screen by stereo projectors and real objects placed in front of, or behind, a highly transparent mirror film are combined optically, using the mirror, placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the floor. In order to create correct occlusion effect in over large area of the augmented realty environment, light projectors have been used to illuminate the surface of real objects using the occlusion shadow function, rather than standard light bulbs. The AR View was applied to various applications such as the high presence communication using a video avatar, by connecting it to a broadband network.
Coordinate System Transformations for Imitation of Goal-Directed Trajectories in Virtual Humans
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Amor, Heni Ben; Weber, Matthias; Heumer, Guido; Jung, Bernhard; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
The goal of this work is to record human hand trajectories during goal-oriented reaching behaviors in immersive VR for later imitation by a virtual human. It is desirable that the used trajectory representation generalizes over different positions and orientations of the target object. To this end, this work investigates trajectory representations in two neurophysiologically inspired coordinate systems. Results show that natural looking movement can be preserved as real motion capture data is used as a basis for these calculations.
STORM: a Generic Interaction and Behavioral Model for 3D Objects and Humanoids in a Virtual Environment
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Mollet, Nicolas; Gerbaud, Stéfanie; Arnaldi, Bruno; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
We present in this paper research focused on interaction and behavior specification for 3D objects in general, including humanoids. This research is conducted in the context of a collaboration with Nexter-Group (a French military manufacturer) in order to introduce Virtual Reality (VR) in maintenance training. The use of VR environments for training is strongly stimulated by important needs of training on sensitive equipment, sometimes fragile, unavailable, costly or dangerous. Nevertheless, for the development of such applications, the re-use of existing developments is a major issue. Our research is focused on models that have been designed to achieve this reusability and standardization for the efficient development of new virtual environments. In particular, we defined a new generic model named STORM, used to describe reusable behaviors for 3D objects in general, including humanoids, and reusable interactions between those objects.
3-D Reconstitution and Virtual Reality of World Heritage Site in Danger: the Citadel of Bam
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Andaroodi, Elham; Matini, Mohammad-Reza; Abe, Nobuaki; Ono, K.; Kawai, T.; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
This paper presents research in progress on 3-D computer simulation and a virtual reality demonstration of a world heritage site that was destroyed in the earthquake (the citadel of Bam). In a comparative study with other examples of VR of cultural heritage, the approach of this research is introduced as analytic and comparative 3-D modelling (mostly as mesh or poly modelling) using diverse data resources such as 2-D maps, photos, etc. and VR demonstration of ten case studies as the result of first phase of the research.
Experimental Study of Haptic Interface Considering Myoelectrical Activity
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Sone, Junji; Inoue, R.; Tsuyuki, S.; Ishikawa, K.; Yamada, K.; Kaneko, I.; Tokuyama, Y.; Fujita, K.; Sato, Makoto; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Many types of haptic interface for virtual reality have been proposed. These haptic interfaces mostly contain earth grounding linkages. In this study, we considered wearable haptic interfaces for improved flexibility. It was necessary to consider information regarding the human body and we focused on the role of muscle. First, we measured the activation pattern of muscle for actions by electromyogram. For an action, we designed a wearable suit to constrict the muscle for activation. An experiment was performed using the developed wearable haptic interface for simple pulling and lifting the weight action. We confirmed the force feedback effect of haptic interfaces. Here, we also propose a new mechanism to resolve the problems identified.
Improved 3D Interactive Devices for Passive and Active Stereo Virtual Environments
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Wormell, Dean; Foxlin, Eric; Katzman, Patricia; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
This paper introduces a new set of tracking devices for 3D virtual environment interaction and reviews enhancements including device miniaturization, power reduction, and ruggedization. The goal of these improvements was to reduce size and weight of head-worn tracking devices for use with passive-stereo immersive display systems, whose polarized glasses are much smaller than LCD shutter glasses and therefore require smaller tracking sensors. The major changes include a 2-fold reduction in the size and weight of the wearable sensor devices and improvement of wireless tracking capability and battery life.
Interactive Social Displays
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Pfeiffer, Thies; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
The mediation of social presence is one of the most interesting challenges of modern communication technology. The proposed metaphor of Interactive Social Displays describes new ways of interactions with multi-/crossmodal interfaces prepared for a psychologically augmented communication. A first prototype demonstrates the application of this metaphor in a teleconferencing scenario.
Using Proprioception as a Cue towards Effective Spatial Input in VR: a Framework for an Experimental Study
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Veit, Manuel; Capobianco, Antonio; Bechmann, Dominique; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
We developed a free form deformation application for an immersive environment in which users can interact freely by using datagloves. In this paper, we present an experimental protocol designed to investigate the contribution of proprioception and bimanual interaction on spatial input tasks in the context of our modeling application.
Real-time Reconstruction of PseudoWide-angle Images with an Approximating Depth Model
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Honda, Kenji; Hashimoto, Naoki; Sato, Makoto; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Recently, interactive contents with high quality images are widely used in various areas. One of the ways that makes the contents more realistic is displaying them as covering viewer's field-of-view. However, the view-angle of the existent contents are not enough for covering the large display surfaces because they are based on household TV monitors whose target view-angle is about 30 degrees. In order to achieve realistic feeling of being in that content, we have to enlarge the view-angle of these images in real-time. So, in this research, we propose a technique that reconstructs wide view-angle images by extracting peripheral images from time-series image frames in realtime. A simple 3-D model approximating target scenes contributes to, achieving real-time processing and reduction of uncomfortable feeling with distortions of the reconstructed peripheral images. We apply this method to an actual game content, and consider the quality of image and its processing time. By using that implementation, we perform objective and subjective evaluations, and confirm the effectiveness for enhancing the fun of the content itself.
Elbe Dom: 360 Degree Full Immersive Laser Projection System
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Schoor, Wolfram; Masik, Steffen; Hofmann, Marc; Mecke, Rüdiger; Müller, Gerhard; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
The immersive visualization of virtual interactive environments presents an immense challenge to current representation techniques, especially multi-user applications. This paper presents a new solution to meet the drastically increasing demand for greater degrees of realism and immersion in representation techniques: Full 360 degree continuous projection in the Elbe Dom. Moreover, this solution points toward other potentially widespread uses from multi-user and mixed reality applications through detailed user tracking. These applications are discussed and interaction paradigms are presented with initial examples of applications employing this new display system are presented.
Augmentation of Visualisation Using Sonification: A Case Study in Computational Fluid Dynamics
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Kazakevich, Maryia; Boulanger, Pierre; Bischof, Walter F.; Garcia, M.; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Advances in computer processing power and networking over the past few years have brought significant changes to the modeling and simulation of complex phenomena. Problems that formerly could only be tackled in batch mode, with their results being visualized afterwards, can now be monitored using graphical means while in progress. In certain cases, it is even possible to alter parameters of the computation while it is running, depending on what the scientist perceives in the current visual output. This ability to monitor and change parameters of the computational process at any time and from anywhere is called computational steering. Combining this capability with advanced multi-modal tools to explore the data produced by these systems are key to our approach. We present an advanced multi-modal interface where sonification and 3D visualization are used in a computational steering environment specialized to solve real-time Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) problems. More specifically, this paper describes and experimentally proves how sonification of CFD data can be used to augment 3D visualization.
An Approach to the Evaluation of Ownership Management Techniques in Collaborative Virtual Environments
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Garcia, Arturo; Molina, José P.; Steed, Anthony; Martínez, Diego; González, Pascual; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Several ownership management techniques have been proposed for maintaining consistency, one of the main factors in Collaborative Virtual Environments. However, few studies address the effect that network latency has on these mechanisms, as it can influence both the development of the tasks by users and their view of the system. This paper describes an experiment that tackles this issue, and shows how users get frustrated and tend to think that the system is not reliable as the amount of latency increases.
Hybrid Information Presentation: Combining a Portable Augmented Reality Laser Projector and a Conventional Computer Display
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Schwerdtfeger, Bjoern; Klinker, Gudrun; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
We present a three dimensional, user centered instruction placement system that is geared toward supporting high quality ubiquitous information presentation in industrial environments. Our system uses a hybrid information presentation approach that combines low resolution three dimensional displays with high resolution two dimensional displays. To this end, we have designed and built a portable laser projector to augment a real environment. The information that is provided by the final system is separated into two aspects: where-to-act and what-to-do. The laser projector displays simple where-to-act information directly in three dimensions on an object in the environment while an additional standard screen displays the more complex what-to-do information. To appreciate an initial proof of concept, a first user study of the system has been conducted in the context of a quality assurance scenario.
A Unified Multi-Surface, Multi-ResolutionWorkspace with Camera-Based Scanning and Projector-Based Illumination
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Johnson, Tyler; Fuchs, Henry; Bernd Froehlich and Roland Blach and Robert van Liere
Research in the area of projector- and camera-augmented office environments has demonstrated the use of cameras as desktop scanning devices, shown the benefits of using multiple display devices for focus and context information, and advocated display on multiple surfaces for visualization of multi-dimensional data. In this paper, we describe how the implementation of these ideas can be unified to simplify the creation of a workspace that combines them.

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