EuroVisSTAR

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The State of the Art in Visualizing Dynamic Graphs
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Beck, Fabian; Burch, Michael; Diehl, Stephan; Weiskopf, Daniel; R. Borgo and R. Maciejewski and I. Viola
Dynamic graph visualization focuses on the challenge of representing the evolution of relationships between entities in readable, scalable, and effective diagrams. This work surveys the growing number of approaches in this discipline. We derive a hierarchical taxonomy of techniques by systematically categorizing and tagging publications. While static graph visualizations are often divided into node-link and matrix representations, we identify the representation of time as the major distinguishing feature for dynamic graph visualizations: either graphs are represented as animated diagrams or as static charts based on a timeline. Evaluations of animated approaches focus on dynamic stability for preserving the viewer's mental map or, in general, compare animated diagrams to timeline-based ones. Finally, we identify and discuss challenges for future research.
A Survey of GPU-Based Large-Scale Volume Visualization
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Beyer, Johanna; Hadwiger, Markus; Pfister, Hanspeter; R. Borgo and R. Maciejewski and I. Viola
This survey gives an overview of the current state of the art in GPU techniques for interactive large-scale volume visualization. Modern techniques in this field have brought about a sea change in how interactive visualization and analysis of giga-, tera-, and petabytes of volume data can be enabled on GPUs. In addition to combining the parallel processing power of GPUs with out-of-core methods and data streaming, a major enabler for interactivity is making both the computational and the visualization effort proportional to the amount and resolution of data that is actually visible on screen, i.e., ''output-sensitive'' algorithms and system designs. This leads to recent outputsensitive approaches that are ''ray-guided,'' ''visualization-driven,'' or ''display-aware.'' In this survey, we focus on these characteristics and propose a new categorization of GPU-based large-scale volume visualization techniques based on the notions of actual output-resolution visibility and the current working set of volume bricks-the current subset of data that is minimally required to produce an output image of the desired display resolution. For our purposes here, we view parallel (distributed) visualization using clusters as an orthogonal set of techniques that we do not discuss in detail but that can be used in conjunction with what we discuss in this survey.
State of the Art of Performance Visualization
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Isaacs, Katherine E.; Giménez, Alfredo; Jusufi, Ilir; Gamblin, Todd; Bhatele, Abhinav; Schulz, Martin; Hamann, Bernd; Bremer, Peer-Timo; R. Borgo and R. Maciejewski and I. Viola
Performance visualization comprises techniques that aid developers and analysts in improving the time and energy efficiency of their software. In this work, we discuss performance as it relates to visualization and survey existing approaches in performance visualization. We present an overview of what types of performance data can be collected and a categorization of the types of goals that performance visualization techniques can address. We develop a taxonomy for the contexts in which different performance visualizations reside and describe the state of the art research pertaining to each. Finally, we discuss unaddressed and future challenges in performance visualization.
Visualizing Sets and Set-typed Data: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Alsallakh, Bilal; Micallef, Luana; Aigner, Wolfgang; Hauser, Helwig; Miksch, Silvia; Rodgers, Peter; R. Borgo and R. Maciejewski and I. Viola
A variety of data analysis problems can be modelled by defining multiple sets over a collection of elements and analyzing the relations between these sets. Despite their simple concept, visualizing sets is a non-trivial problem due to the large number of possible relations between them. We provide a systematic overview of state-of-theart techniques for visualizing different kinds of set relations. We classify these techniques into 7 main categories according to the visual representations they use and the tasks they support. We compare the categories to provide guidance for choosing an appropriate technique for a given problem. Finally, we identify challenges in this area that need further research and propose possible directions to address with these challenges.
State-of-the-Art Report of Visual Analysis for Event Detection in Text Data Streams
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Wanner, F.; Stoffel, A.; Jäckle, D.; Kwon, B. C.; Weiler, A.; Keim, D. A.; R. Borgo and R. Maciejewski and I. Viola
Event detection from text data streams has been a popular research area in the past decade. Recently, the evolution of microblogging and social network services opens up great opportunities for various kinds of knowledge-based intelligence activities which require tracking of real-time events. In a sense, visualizations in combination with analytical processes could be a viable method for such tasks because it can be used to analyze the sheer amounts of text streams. However, data analysts and visualization experts often face grand challenges stemming out of the ill-defined concept of event and various kinds of textual data. As a result, we have few guidelines on how to build successful visual analysis tools that can handle specific event types and diverse textual data sources. Our goal is to take the first step towards answering the question by organizing insights from prior research studies on event detection and visual analysis. In the scope of this report, we summarize the evolution of event detection in combination with visual analysis over the past 14 years and provide an overview of the state-of-the-art methods. Our investigation sheds light on various kinds of research areas that can be the most beneficial to the field of visual text event analytics.
A Review of Temporal Data Visualizations Based on Space-Time Cube Operations
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Bach, B.; Dragicevic, P.; Archambault, D.; Hurter, C.; Carpendale, S.; R. Borgo and R. Maciejewski and I. Viola
We review a range of temporal data visualization techniques through a new lens, by describing them as series of operations performed on a conceptual space-time cube. These operations include extracting subparts of a space-time cube, flattening it across space or time, or transforming the cube's geometry or content. We introduce a taxonomy of elementary space-time cube operations, and explain how they can be combined to turn a three-dimensional space-time cube into an easily-readable two-dimensional visualization. Our model captures most visualizations showing two or more data dimensions in addition to time, such as geotemporal visualizations, dynamic networks, time-evolving scatterplots, or videos. We finally review interactive systems that support a range of operations. By introducing this conceptual framework we hope to facilitate the description, criticism and comparison of existing temporal data visualizations, as well as encourage the exploration of new techniques and systems.
State-of-the-Art of Visualization for Eye Tracking Data
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Blascheck, T.; Kurzhals, K.; Raschke, M.; Burch, M.; Weiskopf, D.; Ertl, T.; R. Borgo and R. Maciejewski and I. Viola
Eye tracking technology is becoming easier and cheaper to use, resulting in its increasing application to numerous fields of research. The data collected during an eye tracking experiment can be analyzed by statistical methods and/or with visualization techniques. Visualizations can reveal characteristics of fixations, saccades, and scanpath structures. In this survey, we present an overview of visualization techniques for eye tracking data and describe their functionality. We classify the visualization techniques using nine categories. The categories are based on properties of eye tracking data, including aspects of the stimuli and the viewer, and on properties of the visualization techniques. The classification of about 90 publications including technical as well as application papers with modifications of common visualization techniques are described in more detail. We finally present possible directions for further research in the field of eye tracking data visualization.
A Survey on Interactive Lenses in Visualization
(The Eurographics Association, 2014) Tominski, Christian; Gladisch, Stefan; Kister, Ulrike; Dachselt, Raimund; Schumann, Heidrun; R. Borgo and R. Maciejewski and I. Viola
Since their introduction in the early nineties, Magic Lenses have attracted much interest. Especially in the realm of visualization, the elegance of using a virtual interactive lens to provide an alternative visual representation of a selected part of the data is highly valued. In this report, we survey the literature on interactive lenses in the context of visualization. Our survey (1) takes a look at how lenses are defined and what properties characterize them, (2) reviews existing lenses for different types of data and tasks, and (3) illustrates the technologies employed to display lenses and to interact with them. Based on our review, we identify challenges and unsolved problems to be addressed in future research.
Visualizing High-Dimensional Data: Advances in the Past Decade
(The Eurographics Association, 2015) Liu, Shusen; Maljovec, Dan; Wang, Bei; Bremer, Peer-Timo; Pascucci, Valerio; R. Borgo and F. Ganovelli and I. Viola
Massive simulations and arrays of sensing devices, in combination with increasing computing resources, have generated large, complex, high-dimensional datasets used to study phenomena across numerous fields of study. Visualization plays an important role in exploring such datasets. We provide a comprehensive survey of advances in high-dimensional data visualization over the past 15 years. We aim at providing actionable guidance for data practitioners to navigate through a modular view of the recent advances, allowing the creation of new visualizations along the enriched information visualization pipeline and identifying future opportunities for visualization research.
A Survey of Multi-faceted Graph Visualization
(The Eurographics Association, 2015) Hadlak, Steffen; Schumann, Heidrun; Schulz, Hans-Jörg; R. Borgo and F. Ganovelli and I. Viola
Graph visualization is an important field in information visualization that is centered on the graphical display of graph-structured data. Yet real world data is rarely just graph-structured, but instead exhibits multiple facets, such as multivariate attributes, or spatial and temporal frames of reference. In an effort to display different facets of a graph, such a wealth of visualization techniques has been developed in the past that current surveys focus on a single additional facet only in order to enumerate and classify them. This report builds on existing graph visualization surveys for the four common facets of partitions, attributes, time, and space. It contributes a generic high-level categorization of faceted graph visualization that subsumes the existing classifications, which can be understood as facet-specific refinements of the resulting categories. Furthermore, it extends beyond existing surveys by applying the same categorization to graph visualizations with multiple facets. For each of the introduced categories and considered facets, this overview provides visualization examples to illustrate instances of their realization.
On Close and Distant Reading in Digital Humanities: A Survey and Future Challenges
(The Eurographics Association, 2015) Jänicke, Stefan; Franzini, Greta; Cheema, Muhammad Faisal; Scheuermann, Gerik; R. Borgo and F. Ganovelli and I. Viola
We present an overview of the last ten years of research on visualizations that support close and distant reading of textual data in the digital humanities. We look at various works published within both the visualization and digital humanities communities. We provide a taxonomy of applied methods for close and distant reading, and illustrate approaches that combine both reading techniques to provide a multifaceted view of the data. Furthermore, we list toolkits and potentially beneficial visualization approaches for research in the digital humanities. Finally, we summarize collaboration experiences when developing visualizations for close and distant reading, and give an outlook on future challenges in that research area.
Frontmatter: Eurographics Conference on Visualization (EuroVis) 2015 - STARs - State of The Art Reports
(Eurographics Association, 2015) Borgo, Rita; Ganovelli, Fabio; Viola, Ivan; -
A Survey of Graph-Based Representations and Techniques for Scientific Visualization
(The Eurographics Association, 2015) Wang, Chaoli; R. Borgo and F. Ganovelli and I. Viola
Graphs represent general node-link diagrams and have long been utilized in scientific visualization for data organization and management. However, using graphs as a visual representation and interface for navigating and exploring scientific data sets has a much shorter history yet the amount of work along this direction is clearly on the rise in recent years. In this paper, we take a holistic perspective and survey graph-based representations and techniques for scientific visualization. Specifically, we classify these representations and techniques into four categories, namely, partition-wise, relationship-wise, structure-wise, and provenance-wise. We survey related publications in each category, explaining the roles of graphs in related work and highlighting their similarities and differences. We also point out research trends and remaining challenges in graph-based representations and techniques for scientific visualization.
Visualization of Biomolecular Structures: State of the Art
(The Eurographics Association, 2015) Kozlikova, Barbora; Krone, Michael; Lindow, Norbert; Falk, Martin; Baaden, Marc; Baum, Daniel; Viola, Ivan; Parulek, Julius; Hege, Hans-Christian; R. Borgo and F. Ganovelli and I. Viola
Structural properties of molecules are of primary concern in many fields. This report provides a comprehensive overview on techniques that have been developed in the fields of molecular graphics and visualization with a focus on applications in structural biology. The field heavily relies on computerized geometric and visual representations of three-dimensional, complex, large, and time-varying molecular structures. The report presents a taxonomy that demonstrates which areas of molecular visualization have already been extensively investigated and where the field is currently heading. It discusses visualizations for molecular structures, strategies for efficient display regarding image quality and frame rate, covers different aspects of level of detail, and reviews visualizations illustrating the dynamic aspects of molecular simulation data. The report concludes with an outlook on promising and important research topics to enable further success in advancing the knowledge about interaction of molecular structures.
The State of the Art in Visualizing Group Structures in Graphs
(The Eurographics Association, 2015) Vehlow, Corinna; Beck, Fabian; Weiskopf, Daniel; R. Borgo and F. Ganovelli and I. Viola
Graph visualizations encode relationships between objects. Abstracting the objects into group structures provides an overview of the data. Groups can be disjoint or overlapping, and might be organized hierarchically. However, the underlying graph still needs to be represented for analyzing the data in more depth. This work surveys research in visualizing group structures as part of graph diagrams. A particular focus is the explicit visual encoding of groups, rather than only using graph layout to implicitly indicate groups. We introduce a taxonomy of visualization techniques structuring the field into four main categories: visual node attributes vary properties of the node representation to encode the grouping, juxtaposed approaches use two separate visualizations, superimposed techniques work with two aligned visual layers, and embedded visualizations tightly integrate group and graph representation. We discuss results from evaluations of those techniques as well as main areas of application. Finally, we report future challenges based on interviews we conducted with leading researchers of the field.
A Survey of Visualization Systems for Malware Analysis
(The Eurographics Association, 2015) Wagner, Markus; Fischer, Fabian; Luh, Robert; Haberson, Andrea; Rind, Alexander; Keim, Daniel A.; Aigner, Wolfgang; R. Borgo and F. Ganovelli and I. Viola
Due to the increasing threat from malicious software (malware), monitoring of vulnerable systems is becoming increasingly important. The need to log and analyze activity encompasses networks, individual computers, as well as mobile devices. While there are various automatic approaches and techniques available to detect, identify, or capture malware, the actual analysis of the ever-increasing number of suspicious samples is a time-consuming process for malware analysts. The use of visualization and highly interactive visual analytics systems can help to support this analysis process with respect to investigation, comparison, and summarization of malware samples. Currently, there is no survey available that reviews available visualization systems supporting this important and emerging field. We provide a systematic overview and categorization of malware visualization systems from the perspective of visual analytics. Additionally, we identify and evaluate data providers and commercial tools that produce meaningful input data for the reviewed malware visualization systems. This helps to reveal data types that are currently underrepresented, enabling new research opportunities in the visualization community.
In Situ Methods, Infrastructures, and Applications on High Performance Computing Platforms
(The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2016) Bauer, Andrew C.; Abbasi, Hasan; Ahrens, James; Childs, Hank; Geveci, Berk; Klasky, Scott; Moreland, Kenneth; O'Leary, Patrick; Vishwanath, Venkatram; Whitlock, Brad; Bethel, E. W.; Ross Maciejewski and Timo Ropinski and Anna Vilanova
The considerable interest in the high performance computing (HPC) community regarding analyzing and visualization data without first writing to disk, i.e., in situ processing, is due to several factors. First is an I/O cost savings, where data is analyzed /visualized while being generated, without first storing to a filesystem. Second is the potential for increased accuracy, where fine temporal sampling of transient analysis might expose some complex behavior missed in coarse temporal sampling. Third is the ability to use all available resources, CPU's and accelerators, in the computation of analysis products. This STAR paper brings together researchers, developers and practitioners using in situ methods in extreme-scale HPC with the goal to present existing methods, infrastructures, and a range of computational science and engineering applications using in situ analysis and visualization.
The State of the Art in Cartograms
(The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2016) Nusrat, Sabrina; Kobourov, Stephen; Ross Maciejewski and Timo Ropinski and Anna Vilanova
Cartograms combine statistical and geographical information in thematic maps, where areas of geographical regions (e.g., countries, states) are scaled in proportion to some statistic (e.g., population, income). Cartograms make it possible to gain insight into patterns and trends in the world around us and have been very popular visualizations for geo-referenced data for over a century. This work surveys cartogram research in visualization, cartography and geometry, covering a broad spectrum of different cartogram types: from the traditional rectangular and table cartograms, to Dorling and diffusion cartograms. A particular focus is the study of the major cartogram dimensions: statistical accuracy, geographical accuracy, and topological accuracy. We review the history of cartograms, describe the algorithms for generating them, and consider task taxonomies. We also review quantitative and qualitative evaluations, and we use these to arrive at design guidelines and research challenges.
State of the Art in Transfer Functions for Direct Volume Rendering
(The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2016) Ljung, Patric; Krüger, Jens; Gröller, Eduard; Hadwiger, Markus; Hansen, Charles D.; Ynnerman, Anders; Ross Maciejewski and Timo Ropinski and Anna Vilanova
A central topic in scientific visualization is the transfer function (TF) for volume rendering. The TF serves a fundamental role in translating scalar and multivariate data into color and opacity to express and reveal the relevant features present in the data studied. Beyond this core functionality, TFs also serve as a tool for encoding and utilizing domain knowledge and as an expression for visual design of material appearances. TFs also enable interactive volumetric exploration of complex data. The purpose of this state-of-the-art report (STAR) is to provide an overview of research into the various aspects of TFs, which lead to interpretation of the underlying data through the use of meaningful visual representations. The STAR classifies TF research into the following aspects: dimensionality, derived attributes, aggregated attributes, rendering aspects, automation, and user interfaces. The STAR concludes with some interesting research challenges that form the basis of an agenda for the development of next generation TF tools and methodologies.
Visual Analysis of Biomolecular Cavities: State of the Art
(The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2016) Krone, Michael; Kozlíková, Barbora; Lindow, Norbert; Baaden, Marc; Baum, Daniel; Parulek, Julius; Hege, Hans-Christian; Viola, Ivan; Ross Maciejewski and Timo Ropinski and Anna Vilanova
In this report we review and structure the branch of molecular visualization that is concerned with the visual analysis of cavities in macromolecular protein structures. First the necessary background, the domain terminology, and the goals of analytical reasoning are introduced. Based on a comprehensive collection of relevant research works, we present a novel classification for cavity detection approaches and structure them into four distinct classes: grid-based, Voronoi-based, surface-based, and probe-based methods. The subclasses are then formed by their combinations. We match these approaches with corresponding visualization technologies starting with direct 3D visualization, followed with non-spatial visualization techniques that for example abstract the interactions between structures into a relational graph, straighten the cavity of interest to see its profile in one view, or aggregate the time sequence into a single contour plot. We also discuss the current state of methods for the visual analysis of cavities in dynamic data such as molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, we give an overview of the most common tools that are actively developed and used in the structural biology and biochemistry research. Our report is concluded by an outlook on future challenges in the field.

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